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The military career of L. Ron Hubbard saw the future founder of Scientology serving in the United States Armed Forces as a member of the Marine Corps Reserve and, between 1941–50, the Navy Reserve. He saw active service between 1941–45, during World War II, as a naval Lieutenant, junior grade and later as a Lieutenant. After the war he was mustered out of active service and resigned his commission in 1950. As with many other aspects of L. Ron Hubbard's life, accounts of his military career are much disputed.〔Streeter, pp. 207–208〕 His account of his military service later formed a major element of his public persona, as depicted by his Scientologist followers.〔Atack, p. 70〕 The Church of Scientology presents Hubbard as a "much-decorated war hero who commanded a corvette and during hostilities was crippled and wounded."〔Lamont, pp. 19–20〕 According to Scientology publications, he served as a "Commodore of Corvette squadrons" in "all five theaters of World War II" and was awarded "twenty-one medals and palms" for his service.〔Rolph, p. 16〕 He was "severely wounded and was taken crippled and blinded" to a military hospital, where he "worked his way back to fitness, strength and full perception in less than two years, using only what he knew and could determine about Man and his relationship to the universe." However, his official Navy service records indicate that "his military performance was, at times, substandard", that he was only awarded a handful of campaign medals and that he was never injured or wounded in combat and was never awarded a Purple Heart. Most of his military service was spent ashore in the continental United States on administrative or training duties. He briefly commanded two anti-submarine vessels, the USS ''YP-422'' and USS ''PC-815'', in coastal waters off Massachusetts, Oregon and California in 1942 and 1943 respectively. He was removed from command of both vessels and rated by his superiors as being unsuitable for independent duties and "lacking in the essential qualities of judgment, leadership and cooperation". Although Hubbard asserted that he had attacked and crippled or sunk two Japanese submarines off Oregon while in command of the USS ''PC-815'', his claim was rejected by the commander of the Northwest Sea Frontier after a subsequent investigation. He was hospitalized for the last seven months of his active service, not with injuries but with an acute duodenal ulcer.〔 The Church of Scientology rejects the official record and insists that Hubbard had a ''second'' set of records that the U.S. Navy has concealed. According to the Church's chief spokesman, if it was true that Hubbard had not been injured, "the injuries that he handled by the use of Dianetics procedures were never handled, because they were injuries that never existed; therefore, Dianetics is based on a lie; therefore, Scientology is based on a lie."〔Wright, Lawrence (February 14, 2011)."(The Apostate: Paul Haggis vs. the Church of Scientology )". ''The New Yorker''〕 ==Montana Army National Guard and US Marine Corps Reserve== Hubbard's first military service was with the Montana Army National Guard, which he joined at the age of 16 in October 1927 while still at school, falsely stating that his age was 18. Enlisting at the State Armory in his home town of Helena, Montana, he served as a private in the Headquarters Company of 163rd Infantry.〔Miller, p. 35〕 In May 1930, at the age of 19, he joined the Marine Corps Reserve 20th Regiment, a training unit connected with George Washington University where he was a student from 1930–32. Hubbard attributed his service in the regiment to his need for "a little recreation. Life was dull. Fellow came up to me and he says, 'The Marine Reserves are organizing a twentieth regiment. Why don't you come down?'" He made the dubious claim of being rapidly promoted to the rank of First Sergeant; Hubbard later explained his unusually rapid promotion as being due to his unit being newly formed and his superiors being unable to "find anyone else who could drill."〔Hubbard, L. Ron. ''Research and Discovery Series'', volume 7, pg. 98, as cited in Atack, p. 57〕 He stated that he was rated 'excellent' for military efficiency, obedience and sobriety.〔Miller, p. 49〕 On October 22, 1931, Hubbard received an honorable discharge along with the annotation "not to be re-enlisted."〔Atack, p. 58〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military career of L. Ron Hubbard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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